The sizes of the solar panels, charge controller, batteries and inverter power designed and used were 480 W, 40 A, 400 AH and 2 kW respectively. The energy consumption needed by all the loads in the incubator for the period of 24 hours was 10.48 MJ. The heat loss through the walls by conduction, air convection and ventilation hole were 59.77 W, 10.9741 W and 0.0003222 W respectively. The diameter of the crank of the turning mechanism was 151 mm while the radius of the ventilation hole obtained was 13.30 mm. Preliminary test was conducted on the developed solar powered poultry egg incubator. The size of the components of the solar powered system was based on the amount of energy needed and the duration of usage. The total heat required in the chamber was analysed and evaluated. The radius of the ventilation hole was based on the time required to empty all the air in the chamber. The diameter of the crank of the turning mechanism was calculated from the maximum displacement of the egg crate support. The angle of turn of the egg tray was fixed at 30o. The developed solar incubator was 610 mm × 607 mm × 1649 mm in size with a capacity for 150 eggs. The main components of the incubator are incubating chamber, control system and solar powered system. In order to ensure an uninterrupted power supply and keep egg incubators in operation, a solar powered poultry egg incubator was developed. Although many commercial incubators in Nigeria have folded up due to epileptic and erratic electricity supply which disrupts and impairs the operation of the incubators and reduce their level of performance resulting into low production and high cost of poultry birds. Depending on the wet temperature reading, AVR controls exposure of the wick to keepĮgg incubators with regular, effective and efficient operation have the capacities of providing enough poultry birds which can serve every household in Nigeria with sufficient amount of protein on daily basis. Temperature control of the chamber is met through a motorized kerosene wick lamp. Both digital thermometer chips and RTC utilize the TWI available on the ATMEGA32 microcontroller. Two digital thermometer chips DS1631 acts as dry and wet electronic thermometers, DS1307 acts as the time keeping RTC for the entire system and the LCD provided shows live status of the incubator. The design files and relevant documents explains how the entire system is setup and ATMEGA32 manage those four vectors. AVR ATMEGA32 maintains this equilibrium perfectly by using the features and peripherals available on it. Looking holistically, all of the above factors matters a lot and an over all stability has to be attained by adjusting all of them. Egg turning ensures entire mixing of albumen to provide sufficient nutrients. Aeration takes in fresh oxygen and removes carbon dioxide gas evolved out of egg shells out. Mixing ensures uniformity of temperature and humidity inside the chamber to prevent localization of any factors. So keeping incubation temperature at optimum value is a must. Both low and high temperatures lead to decreased hatchability and produce weak chicks. Temperature of the incubation decides quality of the batch. Above mentioned four vectors have its own importance that failure in any one of them can cause lose of entire hatch. There is a carrier which holds the eggs inside the chamber for an easy rotation of eggs. The incubation area is an enclosed chamber with various mechanisms and controls. Hatching temperature, optimum relative humidity, number days for hatch etc depends on the bird species. The main four parameters in any bird hatching would be incubation temperature, relative humidity inside the incubator, ventilation and egg turning. The project that is being portrayed here implements an Automatic Egg Incubator using ATMEL AVR ATMEGA32. All these matters expose the importance of this project called Automatic Egg Incubator. A person fascinated by birds likes to raise ornamental birds but he couldn't find or get a broody bird as such, non vegetarians eat birds where in most cases they are imposed to take birds that are raised through artificial injections, in many cases even if we have an egg in hand we can't hatch the egg naturally since it is difficult to find the bird and get it hatched etc. AUTOMATIC EGG INCUBATOR There are prominent needs for egg incubators around the globe, because of many factors.
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